Akyulov Robert

Introduction. The article discusses the issues of reproduction of labor resources, current trends in the natural movement of the population, changes in the number of workers, the unemployed in the Sverdlovsk region and other regions of the Ural Federal District. The study analyzed the fertility and mortality rates of the population of the Sverdlovsk region from 2019 to 2023, revealed a trend of increasing population decline and demographic aging. The patterns and factors of reproduction of labor resources in the regions, the role of the state in regulating these processes have been studied. The authors have developed and proposed a methodology that includes a system of criteria and indicators for assessing the reproduction of regional labor resources, which can be used to monitor regional labor markets, employment dynamics, unemployment, and the need of organizations for workers. The results of the assessment can be used to take government measures aimed at improving employment efficiency, developing social sectors in which the formation and improvement of high-quality, productive characteristics of labor resources takes place. The development of the regional economy is determined not only by the improvement of technology, but also by how effectively social reproduction is carried out, which generally is impossible without the reproduction of the population, labor resources and the constant replenishment of the economy with the labor potential of new generations. In order to increase competitiveness, the state and other economic entities should pay attention to the effective regulation of the reproduction of the labor potential of the employed population, and provide the necessary conditions for their professional and personal development.

Materials and methods. In this article, official statistical data on the dynamics of the demographic situation, the composition and structure of the economically active population, and the dynamics of gross regional product production have been applied to study the situation in the social and labor sphere and the nature of labor reproduction in Russian regions using the example of such a typical industrial region as the Sverdlovsk Region. The methodological approach used statistical analysis methods, conducted a content analysis of information sources and literature on this issue. The provisions of economic theory, the general theory of employment and the theory of population have been taken into account to identify patterns of reproduction of labor resources, the reduction in the number of which is due to the narrowed regime of demographic reproduction, i.e. the excess of the mortality rate over the birth rate.

Results and conclusions. The provisions of the theory of factors of production have been studied, which make it possible to identify the causes of the growing shortage of highly qualified personnel in Russian regions. The article presents a methodology developed by the authors for assessing the reproduction of the region’s labor resources, consisting of criteria, indicators and their thresholds for analyzing the current situation in the social and labor sphere, on the basis of which it is possible to take measures to regulate it. It is proposed to use the vitality index, the index of labor productivity of the region, the coefficient of labor efficiency, the coefficient of labor activity of the population, the coefficient of effective employment of labor resources, as well as the integral multiplicative index of labor reproduction.

Discussion. The state and the regions should develop effective tools and methods for regulating the reproduction of labor resources to ensure a balanced labor market and provide personnel to priority sectors of the national economy. This is possible only with an effective impact on demographic reproduction and with the creation of conditions for the growth of the educational, cultural and professional level of the population. Improving the methods and tools of state regulation of labor reproduction at the regional level requires the development of a concept for the formation of a management system for labor reproduction and giving it priority in the implementation of the socio-economic development strategy of the region.

The article examines the structure of the national security of the state, including social, economic, informational, demographic, internal political and military. To study factors affecting national security in economic field, a methodological approach is used and such phenomena as shadow economy, shadow labor market and the degree of their impact on the national economic security is comprehensively analyzed. I the framework of the research shadow economy was considered as a system of interconnected elements. Entrepreneurs and employees deliberately covering up their economic relations from the state, as well as corrupt government officials and criminal figures engaged in illegal activities form the basis of shadow economy. The research covers aspects of illegal economic activity of economic entities providing false reports on income, shadow employment of the economically active population, illegal financial transactions, public servants inefficiently performing their duties or intentionally contributing to the development and increase of the scale of shadow economic processes. The characteristics of the shadow labor market are given, including such signs as non-availability of official labor contracts with these employees in the employer’s electronic database, non-compliance with the required sanitary standards and rules, cash settlements and lack of national social protection guarantees for employees. The conclusion is made that shadow economy significantly holds back economic growth, contributing to the illegal turnover of capital and labor and to reducing revenues to the state budget because of underpaid taxes and levies on the hidden income. In its turn this leads to underfunding of social sectors, which reduces the level and quality of life of the population.

Purpose: to develop measures for reducing shadow labor market and shadow employment to strengthen the national economic security based on statistical analysis of the dynamics of these phenomena and the entire shadow economy.

Methods: comparative analysis of statistical data, content analysis, research data systematization.

Results: the typology of illegal economic activity hurting national security in the economic field is given and specified and the causal connection between certain major socio-economic and political phenomena is identified which affects the country’s economic security this way or another. Scientific novelty: the article specifies the concept of the “shadow economy”, reveals the essence of the phenomenon and its relationship with the shadow labor market. Main trends of the shadow economy development are identified. The author justifies the need to develop and implement the public policy aimed at strengthening national security in the economic field, on the basis of major structural reforms both in economy and in the system of public authorities.

The article examines the problems of reproduction of human resources, low fertility, high mortality, structural unemployment in a typical industrial Russian region exemplifies by the Sverdlovsk region. The paper analyzes the dynamics of indicators of the natural movement of the population of the Sverdlovsk region, since 2016, an increasing population decline and demographic aging have been recorded, during the same period there has been a decrease in the number of the economically active population. The reasons are considered for the current demographic situation in the country and regions, which have all the signs of depopulation. Restoring a simple mode of population reproduction, solving socio-demographic problems and ensuring the growth of human resources requires the introduction of modern technology in public administration, such as “performance management”. At the regional level, it is recommended to create a coordination center to increase the efficiency of interaction between government departments, institutions dealing with fertility, health, education, employment of the population and the provision of workers to enterprises-employers. A set of programme measures aimed at improving the efficiency of reproduction of human resources at the state, regional and corporate levels is proposed.

Purpose. Study of the role of state guarantees as an investment tool, stabilizing the ratio of revenue and expenditure, and also used to reduce the debt burden and the deficit of regional and local budgets. Methods. The statistical comparative analysis Results. The article considers the problems of socio-economic development of regions associated increase of their debt, and investigated factors influencing them. The analysis of statistical data characterizing the property and financial condition of the municipal organizations in the municipalities of the Chelyabinsk region, highlighting the leaders and outsiders on this indicator. Scientific novelty. The notion of "investment activity of the territory", defined as institutional characteristics of the municipality, reflecting the ability of local governments to shape a favorable investment climate

Purpose. Social and economic justification of need of merging of municipalities in one large municipality and research of development of full agglomeration “Big Yekaterinburg” as opportunities for involvement of foreign investors. Methods. Methods of the economical and statistical, comparative and analytical analysis are the basis for practical part of work. Results. In work definition is given to the concept “agglomeration”, the agglomeration development stage “Big Yekaterinburg” is established, the comparative analysis of social and economic development of city districts of Sverdlovsk region is carried out, investment appeal of the Ural region and perspective branches for attracting investors is revealed, and also need of further development and creation of large municipality as international center of Russia is defined. Scientific novelty. The possibility of creation of agglomerations as way of attraction of investments and increase of efficiency of economy of the region is considered. Recommendations for acceleration of development and creation of full agglomeration in Sverdlovsk region are offered.

In this study, the basic hypothesis is the idea that the development of entrepreneurial activity in large cities in terms of economic instability it is necessary to introduce advanced forms and methods of cooperation between the state and businesses on joint projects, providing favorable conditions for business through the provision of municipal orders on equal terms all market participants. Purpose. Analysis of the factors affecting the development of entrepreneurship and the implementation of social projects in the social sector, infrastructure, urban farming within municipal-private partnership. Methods. Content analysis of scientific literature, Internet websites, statistical analysis. Results. Author described the problems of small business development in the Russian cities, examined the factors affecting this development. Author characterized economic indicators, employment in small businesses in a number of Russian regions and cities, and gave the experience of economically developed countries in the implementation of PPP projects in various fields. Scientific novelty. The author explained the concept of «municipal-private partnership», analyzed the nature of cooperation between entrepreneurs and government, municipal organizations, supplemented by a number of arguments in favor of the passing the federal law on public-private partnership of certain provisions of municipal-private partnership, proposed a set of measures for the further development of municipal-private partnership in the Russian regions, major cities.

Purpose: analysis of the socio-demographic situation in the Sverdlovsk region, Ekaterinburg problems and development of a set of government measures to improve the efficiency of regulatory processes of migrants’ integration in the community of Russian cities. Methods: economic and statistical analysis of scientific literature, websites, periodicals on the impact of labor migration on the socio-demographic and economic development of Russian cities, selective sociological survey on the integration of foreign migrants in the community, the economy of the Russian cities. Results: The article considers the dynamics of change in the age composition of the population of the Sverdlovsk region, Ekaterinburg, factors affecting the integration of migrants in the community of Russian cities, the author analyzed the statistical indicators that reflect the state of the social, labor and demographic sphere, analyzed the results of a sociological survey among foreign migrant workers. Scientific novelty: the author proposed a method of sociological research of migrants’ integration problems, as well as the complex of measures regulating the integration of migrants in the community of Russian cities and regions.

Purpose. To study the essence of the principles of social management, marketing, social hall, the possibilities of their use in public, municipal management. Methods. A content analysis of the scientific literature, periodicals on governance, the use of modern technology management, marketing in the social sphere. Results. The article examines the application of marketing management in the social sphere, involves getting more social impact on the successful operation of facilities and social sector in the municipality, increasing its competitiveness, the necessity of a wider introduction and use of management tools and marketing in the municipal management. Scientific novelty. Disclosure objective, basic principles, the potential functions of social management, marketing highlighted its methodological features, suggesting the achievement of social and economic benefits.

Purpose. The study of the characteristics and the role of marketing in the territory development management. Methods. The author used content analysis of the scientific literature, periodicals websites to complex characteristics of municipal marketing and its role in the development of the territory. Results. The article discusses the relationship between globalization and the need to use in the management of territories, cities such market-based management as a municipal marketing to enhance the competitiveness of territories. Author proposed to estimate the effectiveness of municipal marketing for a number of key indicators characterizing socio-economic development of the municipality. Scientific novelty. Objective, main principles, functions of municipal marketing, highlight the methodological features, differences between municipal and commercial marketing, means achieving not only economic but also social effects were defined.