Истомина Е.А.

Purpose. The study of the powers of local governments in the field of compensation of social risks. Methods. The article analyzes the provisions of federal laws, laws of the subjects of the Russian Federation on the social security of orphans and children left without parental care. Attracted international standards for the protection of children. Characterized measures for social support of orphans and children left without parental care, provided at the municipal level of government. Results. The paper substantiates that in relation to a child deprived of the care of parents and family, several social risks are realized, which leads to their synergy. Therefore, the protection of such children is an obligation of all levels of state power, local self-government, public organizations, and society as a whole. The municipal level of social support is considered as one of the ways to compensate for the social risk of orphanhood. Compensation of this risk involves the use of significant financial resources, therefore, at the municipal level, as a rule, the powers transferred by the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are exercised. It was concluded that, despite the lack of direct instructions in the Federal Law “On the General Principles of Organizing Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation”, the authorities of these bodies in the field of social security, including social support, municipalities have the ability to carry out activities aimed at compensation social risks. Using the example of the social risk of orphanhood, we can talk about assistance in compensating this social risk at the local level. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty lies in the analysis of federal laws, laws of the subjects of the Russian Federation, aimed at identifying the possibilities of local governments in the field of compensation of social risks.

Purpose. Research of pension provision for long service of municipal employees as a way of compensation of social risk of persistent disability, identification of problems of legal regulation in this sphere. Methods. The article analyzes the provisions of federal laws, the laws of the subjects of the Russian Federation on pensions for seniority of municipal employees, state civil servants. International standards for establishing the retirement age, foreign experience in the legal regulation of relevant public relations have been attracted. Comparative characteristics of the provisions of regulatory legal acts allowed to substantiate proposals for improving the current legislation. Results. The paper analyzes the current state of legislation on pension provision for long service of municipal employees, with an emphasis on recent changes affecting the retirement age of municipal employees, as well as state civil servants, and increasing the required length of service for the state civil and municipal service. The conducted research led to the conclusion that, even before the reform, the institution of long service pensions was questioning its defensive function, and after innovations it almost lost its role as an incentive to long and effective activity in the municipal service. It is shown that some reasons for dismissal from service unnecessarily deprive a citizen of retirement for long service. The mechanism of calculation of the named pension is studied and the conclusion that the mechanism fixed in the federal legislation, frequently does not allow to speak about an opportunity of indemnification of social risk by means of this payment is proved. As a conclusion, it is proposed to expand the list of grounds for dismissal from the state civil and municipal service entitling the appointment of a pension for long service, and also to fix in the Federal Law "On State Pensions", in addition to the mechanism for calculating the retirement pension for its minimum size as additional payments to the old-age insurance pension (for disability). Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty lies in the analysis of federal laws, laws of the subjects of the Russian Federation and the identification of shortcomings in the provision of pensions for the long service of municipal employees as a means of compensating for social risk, proposing changes in legislation.

Purpose. Investigation of the implementation of social security guarantees as an element of the legal status of municipal employees in terms of legal impact on social risks. Methods. The article analyzes the provisions of federal laws, the laws of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and municipal legal acts that establish guarantees for municipal employees in the field of social security. Comparative characteristics of the contents of individual guarantees to state civil and municipal employees allowed to identify inequalities in the legal impact on similar social risks Results. The paper substantiates that the social security guarantees of a municipal employee are an important component of his legal status. They are part of the social protection system of the municipal employee and his family members. The conducted research has allowed to draw a conclusion that the majority of social grants to municipal employees are common, guaranteed to all or to the majority of citizens of our country. They are fixed in the normative legal acts on compulsory social insurance, on social security. In this sphere, there are also some features (pensions for seniority, additional guarantees at the expense of local budgets). It is shown that the formulations of individual social security guarantees to municipal employees did not receive their legislative development, remaining "declarations of intent". The discussion of the multi-level nature of securing guarantees for the municipal employee will be touched upon. Scientific novelty. Scientific novelty consists in the analysis of laws (federal laws of the subjects of the Russian Federation), municipal legal acts with regard to securing social security guarantees for municipal employees, studying the implementation of these guarantees through the prism of legal impact on social risks.