Lapygin Denis

Introduction. Modern economics and management are facing with increasingly complex decision-making processes, requiring new tools to enhance organizational performance. Artificial intelligence (AI) can become a key factor in improving the quality of management decisions thanks to its ability to process big data, identify hidden patterns, and minimize cognitive biases. However, integrating AI into organizational management requires appropriate consideration, including a reflection on its capabilities and limitations, as well as a content analysis of existing research findings. This underpins the relevance of this study, that amplifies when it comes to strategic decision-making in the development of socio-economic systems, including municipal entities. The aim of the study is to identify the demands placed on AI in strategic decision-making processes.

Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the study was formed by a systems approach and content analysis of scientific publications, a comparison and synthesis of research materials, a decision-making algorithm, a method for constructing morphological matrices and graphical models, as well as methods for interaction between humans and artificial intelligence.

Discussion Results. Popular and typical questions addressed to AI most often involve generating text messages and are aimed at translating, analyzing, or editing text. To improve the quality of AI responses to user queries, it is necessary not only to adhere to certain rules for query formation but also to engage in a dialogue with the AI to immerse deeper into the content of the solutions the user expects. Generally speaking, the structure of a query involves assigning the AI the role in which it will solve the assigned task, as well as communicating to it the problematic situation that corresponds to the context of the task being solved. Furthermore, the AI must be correctly formulated for the task itself, deliver the requirements for the expected solution, and the format of the expected solution itself. The specifics of queries reflect approaches that define various models and schools of strategy when developing promising solutions for organizational development. The paper demonstrates that the entire decision-making algorithm, from problem formulation to its resolution with AI, requires assigning it various roles and reflecting the specific context at each stage of the algorithm's implementation. Each stage requires formulating its own tasks and communicating to the AI the specific requirements corresponding to each stage. The specificity of the defined solution format prepared by the AI at each stage simplifies the implementation of the developed solution, reflecting the change in the problematic situation in the desired direction. The specifics of strategic decision-making using AI based on various schools of strategy have been identified. As an example, for one of the blocks of factors in constructing an organizational development strategy (the «development philosophy» block), the capabilities of AI to enhance the strengths and compensate the weaknesses of schools of strategy that can be attributed to this block of factors have been developed.

Conclusion. Although creative solutions require imagination, which AI lacks due to its reliance on massive amounts of data from past activities, the combination of AI and human capabilities will facilitate the identification of analogies that are not obvious to humans, and the realization of synergistic effects in this case will lead to the development of original solutions.  Furthermore, AI trained at using creative thinking methods is capable of automating problem analysis and identifying contradictions, selecting techniques and solution methods, thereby generating new concepts for the strategic development of organizations. It has been proposed to either execute AI queries entirely through the entire algorithm or to query the AI step by step and provide it with «helpful advice». Overall, AI is transforming the decision-making process, ensuring increased speed, accuracy, and resource savings. However, to successfully realize the benefits of AI, it is necessary to consider improving the digital literacy of decision-makers, aligning ethical standards for the use of AI, and maintaining a balance between the automation of decision-making procedures and human oversight of recommendations and proposed solutions. Further research may be aimed at solving problems of strategic planning in socio-economic systems and especially in modern Russian municipalities.

Introduction. The analysis of specific aspects of unification of economic entities on the principles of the ecosystem approach causes the need to study the characteristics and features of manifestation of such a property of systems as emergence, the implementation of which underlies the law of synergy. The task of creating conditions for the interaction of the uniting participants of the ecosystem is associated with taking into account the most significant factors of the external and internal environment of the formed ecosystem, as well as with the desire of stakeholders of this process to agree on the goals of creating an ecosystem and build connections between private individuals so as to ensure the receipt of the maximum possible positive synergistic effects. The relevance of the study determines the need to develop the provisions of the ecosystem approach, which is at the stage of formation. Such a combination of characteristics of the ecosystem itself, in which additional synergy is possible, is of particular interest and the combination of such additional synergistic effects will allow us to identify strategically significant areas for increasing the efficiency of the ecosystem.

Methodology. The purpose of this article is to develop tools for identifying additional synergistic effects that occur during the formation of ecosystems. The methodological basis of the study was a systems approach and content analysis of scientific publications, comparison and generalization of research materials, a method of paired comparisons, methods of verbal and graphical modeling, a method for constructing morphological matrices and a hierarchy of decisions, as well as individual procedures for strategic management of the development of socio-economic systems.

It is shown that the integration of individual functions allows us to obtain a synergistic effect, and the combination of collective and individual activities ensures the synergy of the ecosystem management team.

A classification of synergistic effects has been formed that is based on features that reflect both structural and managerial synergy, as well as in relation to resource, functional, tangible and intangible characteristics of human capital, together with the mechanisms for the manifestation of synergy itself. It is shown how synergy can manifest itself in the ecosystem approach.

Results and conclusions. It has been established that the formation of an ecosystem based on the coordination of stakeholders' goals further ensures their co-development, and the agreed upon strategically significant categories such as vision, mission and the formulations of strategic development goals themselves at the first stage reduce the likelihood of errors by participants in the designed ecosystem in terms of identifying sources of synergy that are hidden in the barriers created by potential ecosystem participants themselves. The definition of possible synergistic effects in the ecosystem's activities can be implemented by combining the characteristics of the ecosystem itself in general, for which it is advisable to perform procedures for combining pairs of these characteristics by constructing a morphological matrix. As a result, a tool is proposed based on the identification of specific characteristics of the ecosystem, on the basis of which descriptions of possible positive results of the ecosystem functioning are formed by constructing a morphological matrix of solutions. It is shown that structuring the obtained solutions determines the direction of the manifestation of synergistic effects, allowing us to formulate a vision of the prospects of the uniting participants of the ecosystem.

Discussion. The constructed symmetrical morphological matrix as a combination of ecosystem characteristics made it possible to formulate options for the possible manifestation of synergy of the second kind, the formulations of which are structured by the method of paired comparisons, which determined four groups of ecosystem development directions in which synergistic effects are possible. The environment of such groups includes both system solutions and effective communications, as well as the joint development of ecosystem participants and the growth of its potential. The obtained structure of synergistic effects allows ranking the noted directions, which is necessary for the distribution of available resources, and also allows formulating a slogan that defines the strategic prospects for the development of the ecosystem.

Synthesis of ecosystem characteristics allows getting an idea of the possible options for the manifestation of synergistic effects, the structure of which determines the main directions of the ecosystem development, providing it with competitive advantages in terms of increasing the efficiency of its activities, and also makes it possible to form an image of the ideal state of the ecosystem, which is possible with the maximization of ecosystem synergy.

The obtained results can be used both in the decision-making process on the construction of an ecosystem by potential participants, and at the stage of developing projects aimed at increasing the efficiency of the functioning of created ecosystems.