Adamov Ernest

ABSTRACT

Introduction. Sustainable development is a complex management process with many interrelated elements, the main purpose of which is to improve the standard of living and safety of the population [1, p. 342]. Achieving sustainable development in agriculture cannot be achieved without preserving environmental safety. The Central Chernozem economic region has traditionally been one of the main producers of agricultural products for the whole of Russia due to its unique land resources, which is why their conservation is one of the main tasks of Russia's economic security, which is the relevance of this article. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the assessment of the economic and ecological development of land use in the agrarian Central Chernozem region.

Materials and methods. When carrying out this study, data from state statistics (Rosstat, EMISS and statistical collections) and data from the works of domestic authors were used. Such methods as system analysis, retrospective analysis, and statistical method were used in the work. The economic sustainability of land use was assessed using the coefficient method. The assessment of the level of environmental sustainability of the regions of the Central Chernozem Economic Region was carried out using the coefficient of environmental stability.

Results and conclusions. In this paper, an analysis of the economic indicators of land use in the Central Chernozem region was carried out, which showed a significant level of development of the agricultural sector in the Central Chernozem region, an average share of agricultural land in agricultural lands and a high level of plowed areas of the regions. The environmental threats directly affecting the sustainable development of the land-use economy are analyzed. In particular, the issues of irrational use of acreage, soil degradation, the need to increase protective forest belts, and insufficient land reclamation are being considered. The indicators reflecting the ecological characteristics of the regions are calculated.

Discussion. The work resulted in the identification of an unstable environmental situation in all regions of the Central Chernozem Economic Region, as well as proposals for improving agricultural land use in the regions. In particular, an increase in the area of anti-erosion and protective forest belts, major repairs of land reclamation infrastructure to protect soils from further degradation. In addition, an important point for the sustainable development of the agricultural sector is the creation of modern infrastructure for rural residents in order to preserve the workforce. It is proposed that the funds received from the collection of land taxes and payments for the use of natural resources be fully allocated to finance environmental protection measures.

KEYWORDS

Forest belt, land reclamation, rational use of natural resources, agriculture, sustainable development, environmental risks, ecological and economic management, Central Chernozem economic region

Introduction. This article examines the problem of differentiation of the economic space of Russia. This problem originates during the collapse of the Soviet Union, when, during the transition from a command economy to a market economy, the state was faced with an uneven distribution of natural, territorial, demographic and other resources across the country's regions. The destruction of industrial, financial and social ties of the regions occurred as a result of the policy pursued by Yeltsin B., who pursued a course of strengthening the sovereignty of the subjects of Russia. In the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 803 dated 06/03/1996 "On the main provisions of regional policy in the Russian Federation", the task was set to smooth out significant imbalances in the socio-economic development of the regions. In this paper, the question is considered: has the task regulated by the decree of the President of the Russian Federation been achieved? The purpose of the work is to assess the differences in the socio-economic development of Russian regions grouped into federal districts.
Materials and methods. The information base of this study consists of the works of domestic authors and data from the State Statistics Service (Rosstat). The Thale index, its structural decomposition, and the Atkinson index were used to analyze the socio-economic inequality of the regions.
Results. The article provides a structural analysis of the socio-economic development of Russia (at the level of macro-regions) from 2000-2020 using the above indices. The results of the study showed significant intergroup differences in the macro-regions of Russia, as well as increased regional inequality in most of the considered indicators. An analysis of the regions within the federal districts showed that the regions of the Central Federal District differ significantly in terms of socio-economic development. In other federal districts, there is a low level of regional inequality
Conclusions. As a result of the study, proposals were developed to reduce the socio-economic differentiation of the regions. The conclusions of this work can be used to improve the state regional policy in the field of balanced development of territories.

The most important task of managing the region is its sustainable development. At the same time, it is considered as a complex of interrelated elements, each of which needs to be improved for its balanced functioning. However, the region is not a closed system, that is, it has economic ties with other territories, including foreign ones. Over the past decade, our country has faced sensational sanctions pressure, which has also affected the state of regional economies. The study of the consequences of sanctions imposed against Russia is of particular importance, as they allow us to identify the main directions of regional management to achieve economic security.
When writing this paper, a statistical method was applied using data from official statistical reference books. In the paper, the author analyzes indicators directly related to foreign trade activities and falling under the influence of the macroeconomic situation. Based on this analysis, conclusions are drawn about the degree of influence of external sanctions on the economic development of the region. Analysis and synthesis, a historical method based on information from domestic and foreign publications were also applied. The author examines the modern features of managing the socio-economic development of the region, develops a classification of the limitations of regional development, reveals the main goals of sustainable development of the region, and provides a brief overview of the application of sanctions as an instrument of influence on the target country.
The theoretical significance of the work consists in researching the impact of sanctions pressure on the regional development as in the case of the Tambov region. The practical significance of the study lies in the recommendations developed to improve the sustainability of the development of the Tambov region.
According to the research results, it was revealed that the sanctions policy of Western countries has complicated the economic situation in the Tambov region, but the region continues to demonstrate high indicators of production and foreign trade activity. Nevertheless, in order to stabilize the further economic development of the region and in order to increase the competitiveness of the Tambov region in the domestic market, it is recommended to implement a number of measures proposed in this paper.