Lapygin Yuriy N.

Introduction. Modern economics and management are facing with increasingly complex decision-making processes, requiring new tools to enhance organizational performance. Artificial intelligence (AI) can become a key factor in improving the quality of management decisions thanks to its ability to process big data, identify hidden patterns, and minimize cognitive biases. However, integrating AI into organizational management requires appropriate consideration, including a reflection on its capabilities and limitations, as well as a content analysis of existing research findings. This underpins the relevance of this study, that amplifies when it comes to strategic decision-making in the development of socio-economic systems, including municipal entities. The aim of the study is to identify the demands placed on AI in strategic decision-making processes.

Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the study was formed by a systems approach and content analysis of scientific publications, a comparison and synthesis of research materials, a decision-making algorithm, a method for constructing morphological matrices and graphical models, as well as methods for interaction between humans and artificial intelligence.

Discussion Results. Popular and typical questions addressed to AI most often involve generating text messages and are aimed at translating, analyzing, or editing text. To improve the quality of AI responses to user queries, it is necessary not only to adhere to certain rules for query formation but also to engage in a dialogue with the AI to immerse deeper into the content of the solutions the user expects. Generally speaking, the structure of a query involves assigning the AI the role in which it will solve the assigned task, as well as communicating to it the problematic situation that corresponds to the context of the task being solved. Furthermore, the AI must be correctly formulated for the task itself, deliver the requirements for the expected solution, and the format of the expected solution itself. The specifics of queries reflect approaches that define various models and schools of strategy when developing promising solutions for organizational development. The paper demonstrates that the entire decision-making algorithm, from problem formulation to its resolution with AI, requires assigning it various roles and reflecting the specific context at each stage of the algorithm's implementation. Each stage requires formulating its own tasks and communicating to the AI the specific requirements corresponding to each stage. The specificity of the defined solution format prepared by the AI at each stage simplifies the implementation of the developed solution, reflecting the change in the problematic situation in the desired direction. The specifics of strategic decision-making using AI based on various schools of strategy have been identified. As an example, for one of the blocks of factors in constructing an organizational development strategy (the «development philosophy» block), the capabilities of AI to enhance the strengths and compensate the weaknesses of schools of strategy that can be attributed to this block of factors have been developed.

Conclusion. Although creative solutions require imagination, which AI lacks due to its reliance on massive amounts of data from past activities, the combination of AI and human capabilities will facilitate the identification of analogies that are not obvious to humans, and the realization of synergistic effects in this case will lead to the development of original solutions.  Furthermore, AI trained at using creative thinking methods is capable of automating problem analysis and identifying contradictions, selecting techniques and solution methods, thereby generating new concepts for the strategic development of organizations. It has been proposed to either execute AI queries entirely through the entire algorithm or to query the AI step by step and provide it with «helpful advice». Overall, AI is transforming the decision-making process, ensuring increased speed, accuracy, and resource savings. However, to successfully realize the benefits of AI, it is necessary to consider improving the digital literacy of decision-makers, aligning ethical standards for the use of AI, and maintaining a balance between the automation of decision-making procedures and human oversight of recommendations and proposed solutions. Further research may be aimed at solving problems of strategic planning in socio-economic systems and especially in modern Russian municipalities.

Introduction. The analysis of specific aspects of unification of economic entities on the principles of the ecosystem approach causes the need to study the characteristics and features of manifestation of such a property of systems as emergence, the implementation of which underlies the law of synergy. The task of creating conditions for the interaction of the uniting participants of the ecosystem is associated with taking into account the most significant factors of the external and internal environment of the formed ecosystem, as well as with the desire of stakeholders of this process to agree on the goals of creating an ecosystem and build connections between private individuals so as to ensure the receipt of the maximum possible positive synergistic effects. The relevance of the study determines the need to develop the provisions of the ecosystem approach, which is at the stage of formation. Such a combination of characteristics of the ecosystem itself, in which additional synergy is possible, is of particular interest and the combination of such additional synergistic effects will allow us to identify strategically significant areas for increasing the efficiency of the ecosystem.

Methodology. The purpose of this article is to develop tools for identifying additional synergistic effects that occur during the formation of ecosystems. The methodological basis of the study was a systems approach and content analysis of scientific publications, comparison and generalization of research materials, a method of paired comparisons, methods of verbal and graphical modeling, a method for constructing morphological matrices and a hierarchy of decisions, as well as individual procedures for strategic management of the development of socio-economic systems.

It is shown that the integration of individual functions allows us to obtain a synergistic effect, and the combination of collective and individual activities ensures the synergy of the ecosystem management team.

A classification of synergistic effects has been formed that is based on features that reflect both structural and managerial synergy, as well as in relation to resource, functional, tangible and intangible characteristics of human capital, together with the mechanisms for the manifestation of synergy itself. It is shown how synergy can manifest itself in the ecosystem approach.

Results and conclusions. It has been established that the formation of an ecosystem based on the coordination of stakeholders' goals further ensures their co-development, and the agreed upon strategically significant categories such as vision, mission and the formulations of strategic development goals themselves at the first stage reduce the likelihood of errors by participants in the designed ecosystem in terms of identifying sources of synergy that are hidden in the barriers created by potential ecosystem participants themselves. The definition of possible synergistic effects in the ecosystem's activities can be implemented by combining the characteristics of the ecosystem itself in general, for which it is advisable to perform procedures for combining pairs of these characteristics by constructing a morphological matrix. As a result, a tool is proposed based on the identification of specific characteristics of the ecosystem, on the basis of which descriptions of possible positive results of the ecosystem functioning are formed by constructing a morphological matrix of solutions. It is shown that structuring the obtained solutions determines the direction of the manifestation of synergistic effects, allowing us to formulate a vision of the prospects of the uniting participants of the ecosystem.

Discussion. The constructed symmetrical morphological matrix as a combination of ecosystem characteristics made it possible to formulate options for the possible manifestation of synergy of the second kind, the formulations of which are structured by the method of paired comparisons, which determined four groups of ecosystem development directions in which synergistic effects are possible. The environment of such groups includes both system solutions and effective communications, as well as the joint development of ecosystem participants and the growth of its potential. The obtained structure of synergistic effects allows ranking the noted directions, which is necessary for the distribution of available resources, and also allows formulating a slogan that defines the strategic prospects for the development of the ecosystem.

Synthesis of ecosystem characteristics allows getting an idea of the possible options for the manifestation of synergistic effects, the structure of which determines the main directions of the ecosystem development, providing it with competitive advantages in terms of increasing the efficiency of its activities, and also makes it possible to form an image of the ideal state of the ecosystem, which is possible with the maximization of ecosystem synergy.

The obtained results can be used both in the decision-making process on the construction of an ecosystem by potential participants, and at the stage of developing projects aimed at increasing the efficiency of the functioning of created ecosystems.

Introduction. Reforming the higher education system in general and postgraduate studies in particular requires the identification of new models for the development of the postgraduate system, allowing us to resolve the accumulated problems, the consequence of which is the low performance of postgraduate students who complete their studies without defending dissertations. The scientific task of the study is determined by the need to adapt the ecosystem approach to the conditions and characteristics of graduate school, which acts as a subsystem of the organizational structure of a university, having a wide branch network, and strives, in the transition from scientific and educational activities to interaction with environmental actors, to increase its effectiveness in training scientific and pedagogical personnel. The research purpose is to develop an approach to the development of postgraduate studies at a higher educational institution with a wide network of branches, based on the principles of ecosystems functioning.
Methodology. The methodological basis of the study was a systematic approach and content analysis of scientific publications, comparison and generalization of research materials, the method of paired comparisons and construction of graphs, the method of constructing mental maps and performing SWOT analysis, the method of expert surveys of stakeholders and abstraction in the process of algorithms constructing, methods of constructing morphological matrices and hierarchy of goals, as well as individual procedures for strategic management of the socio-economic systems development.
Results. It is shown that higher education reforms in relation to the training of scientific and pedagogical personnel require new models that ensure an increase in the effectiveness of postgraduate studies. A mental map has been constructed that gives an idea of the main characteristics of the ecosystem as a socio-economic phenomenon, which is distinguished by a comprehensive representation of the main elements, which allows us to obtain a complete picture of the properties of such a system. The most significant problems, reducing the effectiveness of training scientific and pedagogical personnel and the postgraduate training potential, have been identified through expert assessments, obtained as a result of surveys of applicants, postgraduate students, postgraduate graduates, scientific supervisors and postgraduate workers, which in the future will form the basis for reaching strategically significant decisions, based on the results of constructing the corresponding matrices. An algorithm has been developed for forming a strategy for the university graduate school development with an extensive branch network, which is based on the desire to organize an educational ecosystem of graduate school focusing on intensive interaction with actors in the external environment, which will not only increase the graduate school efficiency, but also the efficiency of all the participants in the formed networks.
Conclusions. The results of the analysis of the factors of the external and internal environment of the postgraduate system of all branches of the university allows us to obtain the primary information necessary to determine strategically significant decisions and build a system of goals aimed at building a postgraduate educational ecosystem, the synergistic effects of which make it possible to both increase the effectiveness of training scientific and pedagogical personnel, and, in general, improve the efficiency of the university, the region, and the country as a whole. 

The content of the development strategies of modern Russian municipalities does not always draw on the results of the external and internal environment factors analysis, also in relation to economic security issues.
The correct definition of the factors influencing the provision of economic security at the level of municipalities not only allows filling the content of the strategy with adequate projects and programs, but also ensures the target orientation of the economic security policy as an independent functional strategy in the structure of the development strategy of the municipality itself.
Among the methods, providing solutions to the given problem, the following ones should be identified. They are factor analysis, methods of paired comparisons and ranking, methods of nominal groups and expert surveys, principles of favorable impact on the environment and society, methods for constructing morphological matrices and content analysis, as well as methods of a goal tree construction and a strategy formulation based on key words of the main goals.
The information base of the research was the development strategies of all municipalities of the Vladimir region at the level of cities and districts, as well as publications in scientific journals in the subject area of the study.
As the research result, an algorithm for a modified analysis of factors affecting the economic security of municipalities was developed. It includes an analysis of the current strategies of municipalities and differs in the construction of a set of morphological matrices with a subsequent survey of stakeholders, and of a matrix, that determines the direction of the economic security strategy of municipalities.
The application of the generated algorithm makes it possible to identify the most significant factors in ensuring economic security and obtain original solutions for filling the development strategy of municipalities, in general, and economic security policy, in particular, with content.. 

Purpose. Define the procedure for the transition from the development strategy of the municipality to the plan of activities ensuring achievement of strategically significant goals. Methods. The methodology is based on a systematic approach in determining the procedures for the transition from the development strategy of the municipality to the program of measures for its implementation, methods for analyzing the scientific literature in the subject area, and the program-target method. As methods of constructing the plan, methods of organizational diagnostics, the method of activation of thinking, methods of paired comparisons, methods of aggregation and decomposition were used. Results. It is shown that when developing a plan of measures for implementing the strategy, the main elements of the strategy are detailed, developed, refined and filled with specific content of strategically important projects, programs and activities identified in the strategy and structured in accordance with the priorities and directions of development of municipalities. And in terms of elements of the strategy deployed within each phase of the strategy. Among the elements of the strategy are goals and objectives, indicators, priorities, expected results, activities, projects and programs. The procedures for preparing for the implementation of the strategy for the development of municipalities are defined in terms of forming a section on identifying monitoring instruments, assessing effectiveness, assessing risks, and evaluating the resources needed to implement the plan for implementing the strategy for the development of the municipality. It is shown that the content of the plan is a small amount of narrative, accompanied by a well-structured summary table reflecting the main content of the strategy implementation plan. Scientific novelty. A distinctive feature of the developed procedure for the transition from the development strategy of the municipal formation to the plan for its implementation is the methodical concretization of the stages of implementing the strategy and filling the concrete contents of these stages. In addition, an algorithm for performing organizational diagnostics is proposed, which is considered as an annex to the plan. The algorithm is characterized by a sequence of procedures and tools for their implementation. Among the procedures identified are: identification of a list of problems in implementing the implementation plan for the strategy; the identification of problems from the Pareto area; identification of root causes of problems; identification of root problems; generation of solutions to root problems; the choice of solutions and the formation of a program of measures to prepare the municipal entity for the implementation of the strategy.