Mazein Artem V.

Introduction. The research topic relevance is determined by the need to involve civil society institutions, primarily cyber friends, in ensuring information security. In the face of growing Internet threats, law enforcement agencies do not have enough resources to fully protect the digital environment. Citizen engagement is becoming critically important, especially given the targets for increasing youth volunteer work up to 45% by 2030. The need for scientific substantiation of the legal status of cyber squad underlines the importance of this study.

The purpose of the study is to identify existing defects in the regulation of the legal status of cyber squad and to provide scientific justification for proposals to improve the legal framework for the participation of cyber squad in ensuring public safety.

The methodological basis includes a formal legal method and a content analysis of legal acts on cyber squad, which makes it possible to draw conclusions about their contradictions. A systematic approach allows to conclude that the regulation of cyber squad in the field of security is fragmented.

The results of the study. A cyber squad is a type of volunteer organization created in the form of a public organization or a public movement that participates in ensuring public safety through information and educational activities, as well as through forecasting, identifying, analyzing and evaluating information threats on the Internet in order to assist internal affairs (police) and other law enforcement agencies. in the protection of public order and ensuring public safety. The participation of cyber friends in ensuring public safety can guarantee the necessary level of responsiveness to information threats, the flexibility of the response models used, as well as the ability to respond to emergencies of various scales.

It is concluded that the adoption by the state authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation and local governments of regulatory legal acts on the creation of cyber friends and the approval of regulations on them is redundant, since cyber friends are created by citizens, they are public associations, and are the embodiment of civil society. The current legislation reserves for the public authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation and local governments only the authority to create conditions and support volunteering.

Conclusions. Changing the current legislation, including regional and municipal acts, will help to solve the problems.

Introduction. The relevance of the research topic is due to the need to identify problems that hinder the integrated development of civic participation (including volunteers) in ensuring public safety, as well as a mechanism for their solution. Creating conditions for the involvement of volunteers in law enforcement activities is a factor in increasing the security of individual territorial communities. The purpose of the study is to form an up-to-date understanding of the problems of legal regulation of the participation of volunteers and other civil society institutions in ensuring public safety and to substantiate individual proposals to overcome them.
The methodological base includes a comparative legal method that provides a comparison of the phenomenon under consideration in Russia and abroad. The formal legal and historical-legal approach allows us to trace the evolution of legislation in the field under consideration and draw conclusions about its imperfection. A systematic approach allows us to conclude that the regulation of volunteer activities in the field of security is fragmented.
The results of the study. It was determined that the constitutionalization of the status of volunteers (volunteers) in 2020 became a condition for increasing attention to volunteer activities. Later, legislation on volunteer activity developed in a “catch-up” mode, that is, by consolidating the actual practice of volunteer activity. This led to a fragmented legal regulation of the participation of volunteers in ensuring public safety. The fragmentary nature of legal regulation is determined by the fact that the mechanisms for the participation of people’s squads and public associations of law enforcement orientation in the protection of public order, the participation of volunteer fire brigades and teams in the prevention and extinguishing of fires and emergency rescue operations are separately defined. The correlation of the legal status of the above-mentioned subjects and volunteers (volunteers), organizers of volunteer (volunteer) activities and volunteer (volunteer) organizations is not unambiguous. The lack of a uniform conceptual framework hinders the harmonious development of civic participation in the implementation of the functions of public authority to protect society and the state.
Conclusions. The development of a theory of the participation of civil society institutions in the organization of public security will contribute to solving the problems. 

The relevance of the research topic is due to the amendments introduced in 2020 to the Constitution of Russia, which enshrine the principle of unity of the system of public power, as well as the revealed trend towards the consolidation of municipalities. This research is objectively necessary in the absence of unity in the idea of the system and structure of local self-government. The purpose of the study is to form an up–to-date idea of the system and structure of local self-government bodies within the framework of a unified system of public authority. The methodological base includes a content analysis of federal and regional legislation, as well as municipal legal acts in the context of a systematic approach to the studied relations. When formulating conclusions, the author relies on formal legal and comparative legal methods. The use of analogy provides an argumentation of the author's position. The results of the study. In the process of analysis, the author revealed that the approach to determining the system and structure of local self-government bodies used in federal legislation differs from individual doctrinal ideas. Considering the established approach to the definition of the system and structure of executive authorities, the author suggests using it in the municipal context. Such an analogy will ensure the implementation of the principle of unity of the system of public power and will contribute to the harmonious integration of local self-government into a single system of public power. The author has determined that the system of local self-government bodies reflects an interconnected set of different types of local self-government bodies with independent competence to address issues of local importance within the framework of a unified system of public authority. The structure of the system of local self-government bodies reflects a specific set of bodies created in the municipality to address issues of local importance. Conclusions. Applying the developed approach, the author defined the modern system and structure of local self-government bodies. The system determines the types of bodies that can be created (representative body, head, local administration, control and accounting body, other bodies, and officials). The structure reflecting the statics of the system determines their diversity in a particular municipality. The variety of names of local self-government bodies is demonstrated, it is noted which other bodies are created in practice. Some conclusions have been drawn that can be considered when implementing measures within the framework of the transformation of municipalities..

Introduction. The research relevance is due to the increase in the number of threats to public safety against the background of changes in the external conjuncture of the development of the state. In such circumstances, the legislator’s increasing attention to ensuring the protection of the national interests of Russia and its citizens from various threats requires the formation of a complete picture of the position of local self-government bodies in a unified system of ensuring public security. The research purpose is to form an up–to-date idea of the structure and competence of local self-government bodies within the framework of a unified system of public authority providing public administration in the field of public safety.
Methodological basis of the research is based on a systematic approach to the studied relationships. When formulating conclusions, the author relies on formal legal and comparative legal methods. Through modeling the author's position is specified.
Research results. The definition of the diversity of issues of local importance confirms the participation of local self-government bodies in ensuring public safety. The details of the powers in this area are reflected in special laws. This becomes a guarantee of protecting the rights of the population by specifying the necessary management actions. At the same time, the powers to ensure public safety are distributed among the established local self-government bodies. Representative bodies guarantee security through budget financing, adoption of other special decisions and through monitoring of ongoing events. The head of the municipality coordinates local self-government bodies with other public authorities (for example, with the police) and exercises other special powers. The local administration develops municipal programs in the field of public safety, ensures prompt response to threats, and stimulates the activities of civil society institutions. Other authorized bodies of local self-government in the field of public safety are, as a rule, not established.
Conclusions. In general, the institutional and legal framework of public administration in the field of public security at the municipal level organically complements the existing mechanisms at the federal and regional levels. In the conditions of increasing possible threats and taking into account the ongoing municipal reform, it is advisable to consider establishing other special local self-government bodies in municipalities to perform functions to ensure public safety