Kokh Ivan

Introduction. Value orientations of student youth are an important indicator of the social health of society and its readiness for change. In the context of the Russian society ongoing transformation, traditional values, particularly, life, dignity, human rights and freedoms, hard work, patriotism, citizenship, justice, and especially family values, are of particular importance. The formation of traditional value orientations among young people contributes to a closer relationship between generations. In terms of the demographic policy implemented in Russia, special attention is paid to family values, the attitude of young people to family and marriage, and raising children. The relevance of research and the solution of these problems in modern Russian society is beyond any doubt.

Materials, methodology, and methods. The theoretical basis of the study is the works of the classics of sociology on the problems of values, primarily P. A. Sorokina, A. G. Zdravomyslov, Zh. T. Toshchenko and others. To study the value orientations of student youth, the attitude of young people to family and marriage, their formation and role in the life strategy of young people, a mass questionnaire survey and statistical methods were used. The empirical basis is the results of a questionnaire survey of student youth, conducted in mid-2024 among students at three universities in Yekaterinburg (Ural Institute of Management – RANEPA, Ural State Mining University and USUE). A total of 614 people were surveyed, 48% of them were boys and 52% were girls.

Results and conclusions. Value orientations of young people and family values seem to be important and significant for most of the surveyed students. At the same time, the predominant values for students are health and material security, favorable living conditions. Students mainly note material and housing problems as the key obstacles to marriage and creating their own family. Only a quarter of the respondents prefer to live with their parents, which can also serve as evidence of financial and housing difficulties in the families of full-time students, although living together with parents has a positive effect.

Discussion. The study showed that student youth generally adhere to the traditional value orientations, although economic conditions in society affect life strategies, in particular the desire for material security in life, self-realization in professional activities, career promotion, which negatively affects the attitude of young people to family and marriage. An important conclusion from the results of the study is the desire of students to adapt to economic reality by combining study and work, which can be accompanied by both positive and negative consequences.

Conclusion – a special demographic policy is needed for student youth, state support for student families.

ABSTRACT

Introduction. Anomie is of particular importance among many factors in the management of social processes in all spheres of society and, above all, in the economy. Anomie in Russian society became widespread during the transitional period of political and economic reforms in the 1990s. The study of the economic, regulatory, and value aspects of anomie, as well as ways of adapting the population to the changing reality, remains an urgent problem of managing social processes. There is a need for research and action to overcome the anomie and its consequences for the sustainable development of society as a whole.

Materials and methods. The methodological basis for the analysis of the phenomena under consideration is a systematic approach. The theoretical basis is the works of the classics of sociology E. Durkheim, R. Merton, T. Parsons, N. Smelzer, P. Sorokin, as well as domestic authors S. G. Kara-Murza, K. O. Malinina, N. N. Meshcheryakova and others. The methods of analysis, generalization and comparison have been used.

The purpose of the study is to study the role and influence of anomie on the development of public relations and entrepreneurial activity, overcoming the negative consequences of crisis times. Special attention is paid to overcoming deviant behavior and the consequences of criminalization of entrepreneurial activity.

Discussion. The article shows that, unlike previous manifestations of anomie, characterized by the insufficiency of existing norms regulating human activity, a fundamentally new situation arose in modern Russian society in the 90s: the redundancy of norms and the inconsistency of newly emerging regulatory systems. The reaction of the population to this situation fully corresponds to the state of anomie caused by radical reforms that were carried out at an unprecedented pace.

Results and conclusions. The multidimensional nature of anomie is manifested in its negative consequences, although it has a positive impact on the development of society. The study of the risks of anomie and their consequences, the restoration of the normal functioning of social institutions, and measures for the legal and moral regulation of public relations is of particular relevance. Anomie affects the effectiveness of managing social processes, managerial activities success, reduces social institutions functions, which causes socio-political instability and the society social tension increase.

KEYWORDS

Norms, anomie, norms of law, moral norms, criminalization, signs of anomie, consequences of anomie, social institutions

The article deals with topical issues of the state and formation of legal consciousness of the Russian student youth. The problems of research and formation of the legal consciousness of students is one of the acute and key problems of modern Russian society. The study of legal consciousness, its genesis and development, dramatic transformations is one of the most relevant areas in the modern Russian sociology of law. The task is to study the peculiarities of legal socialization of various socio-demographic groups in Russian society. The most important social group is the youth, since the success of the approval of the updated legal system of Russian society, the formation of a truly legal state in the conditions of the formation of a new institutional system of the state depends on the legal consciousness of the youth. The consolidation of institutional transformations requires a radical transformation of the legal consciousness of all members of society, the approval of the corresponding legal consciousness of the majority of Russian citizens, new legal values, legal values and attitudes, stable orientations to compliance with the law and lawful behavior.
The methodological basis of our research is the theories of Soviet and Russian jurists. To study the state of legal awareness of students, we conducted a mass sociological survey in October 2022. The object of the study is students of the city of Yekaterinburg aged from 18 to 25 years. The sample is proportional by gender and age.
The article analyzes theoretical studies of the legal consciousness of Russian sociologists and philosophers, presents the results of the author's sociological study of the state and content of the legal consciousness of students based on higher educational institutions of the city of Yekaterinburg. The need to overcome legal nihilism and increase legal literacy of young people is noted. This is especially important during the transformation of Russian society, which is characterized not only by positive processes, transformations of all spheres of socio-economic and political structure, but also by the spread of such phenomena as legal cynicism, nihilism and anomie, changes in value orientations and socio-psychological attitudes of young people, including students. Conclusions are formulated and ways and opportunities of improving the legal culture of students are identified. 

Sociological research plays an increasingly larger role in improving efficiency of social management. It is becoming increasingly important in the of social processes management, in improving strategic planning and forecasting the activities of local governments, which affect the improvement of the level and quality of life of the population. At the same time, the implementation of national projects is one of the most important activities of the current RF Government and its subordinate institutions. The article considers theoretical and methodological issues of sociological research on the problems of strategic development and national projects implementation in a municipality. The purpose is to analyze the existing practice of creating municipal development strategy and to reveal the possibilities and directions of sociological research for strategic planning, monitoring and adjusting of national projects implementation in a municipality. The study of these problems seems quite relevant both theoretically and practically, which can also be confirmed by the previous (2015 - 2020) incompletely implemented national projects. Scientific novelty. An original approach to national projects implementation is proposed, which consists in a comprehensive approach to the strategic planning of their implementation, which means a single strategic plan of the municipality, covering all national projects and considering the priority of tasks and opinions of the local population. The result of such an approach will be a balanced social infrastructure development, which will positively affect the life of the local community.

Introduction. Advanced vocational education is becoming an increasingly significant factor in the professional and labor socialization of an individual. The growing need of the economy for highly qualified specialists who are able to adapt to the constantly changing professional conditions in the context of digitalization of all spheres of society requires new ways of staff training, one of which is advanced vocational education. The emergence of the information society and artificial intelligence are shaping the development trends of modern society. In these conditions, advanced education and professional and labor socialization of the individual are considered as one of the directions for increasing the competitiveness of graduates of educational institutions.
Materials. Ensuring the competitiveness of graduates of vocational education institutions requires new methodological approaches to training, changes in educational programs and new teaching methods. Experts in this field admit that vocational education lags behind modern economic requirements; problems have arisen within the pedagogical system - content, methodology and teaching methods. The most important problem is also the discrepancy between the structure of trained personnel and the needs of the labor market for specialists of a certain profile, certain professions. As a result, some graduates of vocational education institutions cannot find work while there are excessive low-demanded professions in the labor market. Another consequence of such contradiction is a large number of graduates working in a profession or specialty other than the degree they graduated with.
Methodology and research methods – system analysis, mass questionnaire survey of students to study professional values, criteria for choosing a specialty and attitude towards the profession.
Results and conclusions. Contradictory processes of professional socialization of an individual in the framework of the coming changes in the economic and sociocultural spheres of society have provided for unique trends in the professional education development in the conditions of information society. The leading one is advanced vocational education. The task of educational institutions of vocational training is to develop methodology, programs and methods for training specialists in accordance with the needs of the modern economy.