ON THE HISTORY OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNANCE: FROM THE COMMITTEES OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNANCE IN MOSCOW TO THE MODERN SELF-GOVERNANCE

Abstract

One of the main principles of civil society is the participation of its members in the management of the social development of society. This means to influence the development, adoption and implementation of managerial decisions. In this methodology, i.e. the theory of citizens' participation in solving problems in their places of residence. The object of the study is local government. The subject of the study is the transformation of local self-government. The purpose of the work is to analyze from a historical perspective the local government that took place in the USSR (in Moscow in the 80th on the basis of the Law of the USSR on local self-government, the years of the committees of public self-government were established) with local self-government in modern Russia. Of considerable interest in this historical analysis is not only local self-government (it was ubiquitous in the USSR), but the creation in Moscow in the 80 years of committees of public self-government (KOS). They were organized by residents of micro-districts in Moscow in connection with the appearance on their territories of problems that the residents tried to solve themselves. The first KOS were created in such microdistricts of Moscow as Arbat (elderly people did not want to leave for other places in the city), like Brateevo-a new residential complex with very poor ecology, like Golyanovo-rayon with the lack of cultural institutions. The leadership of Moscow supported the organization of these committees. The Moscow City Council developed an "Approximate Provision on Public Self-Government on the Territory of the District Soviet of People's Deputies of Moscow." In connection with the change in socio-economic formation, the disintegration of the USSR has also changed local self-government. Under the RF law of 1993, local self-government is municipalities. The Institute of Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences conducted a representative study among the citizens of the country (2016). Among the questions were: what significance does local government have for Russians? It turned out to be significant. But now less than a quarter of the country's population trusts in self-government. Approximately the same number of citizens can influence municipalities. What's the matter here? In the same study of the Institute of Sociology respondents were asked how important it is for them to participate in public work, interest in politics. Only 10% of all age groups answered yes to this question. People are not involved in public life, which is an important indicator of the state of civil society. Scientists engaged in self-management propose to develop social technologies in order to attract citizens to participate in solving topical issues in their territories